What an amazing place!
Recovering from the cost of a taxi from the airort I was amazed at the amount of industry-the light colour and the cleanliness of the scene into Vienna. Travelling around the city was veryeasy with U-bahn and strassenbahn and bus. The U-bahn gehen ueber, nichts unter. Most impressive are the massive wooden doors that form the entry to the U-bahn and most other large buildings.
After a brief wander around and past the Natural History Museum, I came across a lovely rising winding street and smaller gasse.
I discovered what looked like a bohemian student bar -Kafka’s Bar.
The Linselsuppe here was much the best value that I have discovered here on the first day. Then around another few corners opposite the Meerhaus, a lovely cafe-bar opposite in the late afternoon sunshine. Cappucino and crepes with honey and bananas and I felt I had already found my indulgent Vienna. A few steps later the social conditions, the dachtlos, influx of migrants from the East and people sleeping in doorways around the church showed another side of life here.
Author: penwithlit
Freelance writer and radio presenter
Wintergarten
Der Jahreszeit Pein, des Wirbelwinds Krachen, Eis
sind vorübergehen und haben die ausgetretenen Pfade gereignet,
die die schweigsamen Gärtner mit Asche bestreuten.
Die eisernen Ringe des Himmels
sind vom Sturm abgeschliffen;
jedoch in diesem Garten gibt es keinen Hader mehr:
Des Winters Messer liegt vergraben in der Erde.
Reine Musik ist der Schrei, der zerrt
an den vogelverlassenen Zweigen im Wind.
Keine Blüte kommt wieder.Blind
ist des Teiches blau starrender Blick.
Und niemand sieht
einen ruhelosen Fremden durch der Morgen irren
über den wasserdurchtränken Rasen, dessen Augen
des Weinens müde sind, in dessen Brust
eine barbarische Sonne ihren verborgenen Tag aufzehrt.
Kurz und knapp (Short and sweet)
This is the heading of an article in Die Welt 05.07.08 by Uwe Wittstock and the opinion expressed,” somewhat gruff charm”, is how the reviewer sees Wondrat’s poetry. This is from the collection, Lied von der Liebe, published in that year. This poem is about his young son, Raoulito, and his attempts to fly.

“Ich kann fliegen, behauptet er,
breitet die Arme aus, holt Luft,
hüpft hoch, ein paar Zentimeter,
steht wieder und sagt, siehst du?
Um was sonst, denke ich, geht es
unter Sterblichen, wenn nicht hin
und wieder um den Zauber einer
kurzen Sekunde, am besten einer
zwischen Himmel und Erde?”
In rough translation-
She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,’ cried the young Student; ‘but in all my garden there is no red rose.’
From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered.
‘No red rose in all my garden!’ he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. ‘Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.’
‘Here at last is a true lover,’ said the Nightingale. ‘Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his lace like pale Ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.’
‘The Prince gives a ball to-morrow night,’ murmured the young Student, ‘and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.’
‘Here indeed is the true lover,’ said the Nightingale. ‘What I sing of he suffers: what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the market-place. it may not be purchased of the merchants, ‘or can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.’
‘The musicians will sit in their gallery,’ said the young Student, ‘and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her;’ and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept.
‘Why is he weeping?’ asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air.
‘Why, indeed?’ said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam.
‘Why, indeed?’ whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice.
‘He is weeping for a red rose,’ said the Nightingale.
‘For a red rose!’ they cried; ‘how very ridiculous!’ and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.
But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student’s sorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.
Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.
In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it, she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray.
‘Give me a red rose,’ she cried, ‘and I will sing you my sweetest song.’
But the Tree shook its head.
‘My roses are white,’ it answered; ‘as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want.’
So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial.
‘Give me a red rose,’ she cried, ‘and I will sing you my sweetest song.’
But the Tree shook its head.
‘My roses are yellow,’ it answered; ‘as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student’s window, and perhaps he will give you what you want.’
So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student’s window.
‘Give me a red rose,’ she cried, ‘and I will sing you my sweetest song.’
But the Tree shook its head.
‘My roses are red,’ it answered, ‘as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.’
‘One red rose is all I want,’ cried the Nightingale, ‘only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?’
‘There is a way,’ answered the Tree; ‘but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.’
‘Tell it to me,’ said the Nightingale, ‘I am not afraid.’
‘If you want a red rose,’ said the Tree, ‘you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart’s-blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.’
——————————–
‘Death is a great price to pay for a red rose,’ cried the Nightingale, ‘and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill. Yet Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?’
So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.
The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes.
‘Be happy,’ cried the Nightingale, ‘be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart’s-blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover, for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. Flame-coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as honey, and his breath is like frankincense.’
The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.
But the Oak-tree understood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale who had built her nest in his branches.
‘Sing me one last song,’ he whispered; ‘I shall feel very lonely when you are gone.’
So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.
———————————–
When she had finished her song the Student got lip, and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket.
‘She has form,’ he said to himself, as he walked away through the grove – ‘that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style, without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others. She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that the arts are selfish. Still, it must be admitted that she has some beautiful notes in her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anything, or do any practical good.’ And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep.
And when the Moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.
She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvellous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Yale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river – pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.
But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. ‘Press closer, little Nightingale,’ cried the Tree, ‘or the Day will come before the rose is finished.’
So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.
——————————
And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart, so the rose’s heart remained white, for only a Nightingale’s heart’s-blood can crimson the heart of a rose.
And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. ‘Press closer, little Nightingale,’ cried the Tree, ‘or the Day will come before the rose is finished.’
So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.
And the marvellous rose became crimson, like the rose of the eastern sky. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby was the heart.
But the Nightingale’s voice grew fainter, and her little wings began to beat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.
Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals to the cold morning air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea.
‘Look, look!’ cried the Tree, ‘the rose is finished now;’ but the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.
And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out.
————————————
‘Why, what a wonderful piece of luck! he cried; ‘here is a red rose! I have never seen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name;’ and he leaned down and plucked it.
Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor’s house with the rose in his hand.
The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet.
‘You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose,’ cried the Student. Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wear it to-night next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you.’
But the girl frowned.
‘I am afraid it will not go with my dress,’ she answered; ‘and, besides, the Chamberlain’s nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers.’
‘Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful,’ said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose into the street, where it fell into the gutter, and a cart-wheel went over it.
‘Ungrateful!’ said the girl. ‘I tell you what, you are very rude; and, after all, who are you? Only a Student. Why, I don’t believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain’s nephew has;’ and she got up from her chair and went into the house.
‘What a silly thing Love is,’ said the Student as he walked away. ‘It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true. In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics.’
————————————-
So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.
An excellent opportunity to swot up your German History!
An jenem Tag im blauen Mond September
Still unter einem jungen Pflaumenbaum
Da hielt ich sie, die stille bleiche Liebe
In meinem Arm wie einen holden Traum.
Und über uns im schönen Sommerhimmel
War eine Wolke, die ich lange sah
Sie war sehr weiß und ungeheuer oben
Und als ich aufsah, war sie nimmer da.
Seit jenem Tag sind viele, viele Monde
Geschwommen still hinunter und vorbei.
Die Plaumenbäume sind wohl abgehauen
Und fragst du mich, was mit der Liebe sei?
So sag ich dir: Ich kann mich nicht erinnern
Und doch, gewiß, ich weiß schon, was du meinst.
Doch ihr Gesicht, das weiß ich wirklich nimmer
Ich weiß nur mehr: ich küßte sie dereinst.
Und auch den Kuß, ich hätt ihn längst vergessen
Wenn nicht die Wolke da gewesen wär
Die weiß ich noch und werd ich immer wissen
Sie war sehr weiß und kam von oben her.
Die Pflaumenbäume blühn vielleicht noch immer
Und jene Frau hat jetzt vielleicht das siebte Kind
Doch jene Wolke blühte nur Minuten
Und als ich aufsah, schwand sie schon im Wind.
Autor: Berthold Brecht
Titel: Gedichte 1918-1929
Verlag: Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 1960
This poem has been translated by the well-known poet, by Derek Mahon, where at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Mahon it is mentioned that he is interested in established verse forms and ekphrasis:(the poetic interpretation of visual art). Here is his version of Brecht which can be found in that excellent collection, The Faber Book of 20th Century German Poems edited by Michael Hoffmann.
A Cloud
One evening in the blue month of September
We lay at peace beneath an apple bough:
I took her in my arms, my gentle lover,
And held her closely like a dream come true-
While far up in the tranquil summer heaven
There was a cloud, I saw it high and clear.
It was so white and so immense above us
And, as I watched, it was no longer there.
Since then so very many different evenings
Have drifted past in the general flow.
Perhaps the apple orchard has been flattened;
And if you ask me where the girl is now
I have to admit I really don’t remember.
I can imagine what you’re going to say
But even her face I truly can’t recapture
I only know I kissed it there that day.
Even the kiss I would have long forgotten
If that cloud had not been there too-
I see it and will always see it plainly,
So white and unexpected in the blue.
Perhaps the apple-boughs are back in blossom,
Maybe she holds a fourth child on her knees;
The cloud, though, hung there for a moment only
And, as I watched, it broke up in the breeze.
| Another Brecht Love PoemIch will mit dem gehen, den ich liebeIch will mit dem gehen, den ich liebe. Ich will nicht ausrechnen, was es kostet. Ich will nicht nachdenken, ob es gut ist. Ich will nicht wissen, ob er mich liebt. Ich will mit ihm gehen, den ich liebe. |
I want to go with the one I loveI want to go with the one I love. I do not want to calculate the cost. I do not want to think about whether it’s good. I do not want to know whether he loves me. I want to go with whom I love. |

This is a favourite stopping off place where in the midst of all the travel you might enjoy either quiet or a brief encounter; perhaps both. Perhaps, one of the few actual benefits of privatisation, it is filled with transport posters from the 1930s. You can so easily imagine the billowing steam from the last trains which ran on the St Ives Branch line up until the 1970s.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3O7uSD2qlk
Then the music begins, a gentle voice from the past:-
Sometimes I love you, sometimes I hate you

Ah, but when I hate you
Don’t you know it’s ’cause I love you
That’s how I am, so what can I do?
I’m happy when I’m with you
I never mind the rain from the skies,
As long as I see the sun shinging in your eyes
Don’t you know that
Sometimes I love you, sometimes I hate you
Ah, but when I hate you
That’s because I love you
That’s how I am, so what can I do?
I’m happy when I’m with
So happy when I’m with
I’m happy when I’m with you
(Read more: http://muzikum.eu/en/123-14654-197076/kathy-kirby/sometimes-im-happy-lyrics.html#ixzz3DUJ6zRWl)
Someone said that education when is what is left over when you have forgotten most of what you were actually taught.
A Grammar School was supposed to have versed its pupils in the diligent study and understanding of basic linguistic structures. Much of this revolved around the central importance of Latin. I can well remember my English teacher, affectionately known as Ernie T-there must have been another Ernie on the staff- spending hours of lessons explaining parsing. This was essentially taking an extended sentence with clauses, phrases and sub-clauses and analysing it into its component parts. Indeed he might extract an ugly sentence from a boy’s homework and subject it, on the board to such treatment. Excruciating as this could be for the person concerned, we did perhaps learn something from the process! I recall how he once took the sentence and translated it into Latin, which he also taught, in order to simplify the meaning before breaking it down into the constituent parts of speech. Now, years later, this all begins to make some sort of sense.

There are three examples where Latin has been quite useful to my understanding of grammar; both in English and when learning German. (1) Adverbial clauses in English should be ordered in manner and then place then time. Adverbial phrases etc are explained at http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/adverbial_phrases.htm. Hence:-
- I will sit quietly.
(normal adverb)
- I will sitin silence.
(adverbial phrase)
(adverbial clause)
(When the multi-word adverb contains a subject and a verb (like in this example), it is an adverbial clause as opposed to an adverbial phrase.)
Not only this but also if there are several adverbial clauses, then in English, the order ought to become:-
I waited impatiently (MANNER) at the bus stop PLACE) for an hour (TIME).
Or in other words, How? Then Where? And finally When?
Now I am unsure of how important this is,although I once was taught it, as the order may be altered for the purpose of emphasis and it seems just to be common practice. (You can, however, read more about it all at http://www.lingua.org.uk/posadv.html and adverbial clauses in general at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_clause)
Where it does really matter is in GERMAN e.g or rather-
Zum Beispiel: “Heute kommt Erik mit der Bahn nach Hause.”
IT IS IMPORTANT NOW TO REALISE:-
Time comes first HEUTE
Manner second MIT DER BAHN
Place last NACH HAUSE
This is really well explained at http://german.about.com/library/weekly/aa032700a.htm
(2)Impersonal verbs in Latin and the use of the third person singular ” Mann muss…..” So consider tking a look at an interesting, and to me engaging, Latin sentence-
mihi placet libros legere vinumque bibere
mihi is the dative “To me” and placet is “it pleases” and is one of the commonest Latin impersonal verbs and there is more on http://classics.jburroughs.org/curriculum/olc3/49_tutorial.html, libros are books and legere= to read, vinumque means “and wine” and pretty obviously,” bibere” means to drink, so a rough translation is-
“To me it is pleasing to read books and drink wine” or much better, “I like reading books and drinking wine!” and this is rather similar to Deutschsprache-
Man muss Bücher lesen und trinken Wein. -or more probably Wein trinken!
The combination of impersonal verbs with the dative in German is well explained at http://joycep.myweb.port.ac.uk/abinitio/chap7-11.html:-
“Impersonal verbs
Another type of construction, in which what would be the subject of an English sentence, is in the dative case in a German sentence includes the so-called impersonal verbs. These are verbs in which the grammatical subject of the sentence is “es”, a non-specific “it”. We have met two of the most common impersonal verbs already:
- Es tut mir Leid.
(“I‘m sorry.”) - Wie geht es Ihnen?
(“How are you?”) - Mir geht es gut.
(“I‘m very well.”)”
So I have not got as far as participles nor yet discussing gerunds. Both are subjects worthy of another posting. I am sure Ernie T would have agreed! I recall now that there was an Ernie G and that he taught Maths amongst other subjects. Among other sayings Mr T would say, “A gentleman is a man who knows how to treat both his books and his mistresses.” This was delivered to a somewhat confused 14 year old, whose poetry book had not been very well looked after having been issued many, many times and considered the responsibility of it’s owner. We worked together on “The Pardoner’s Tale” by Chaucer, “Julius Caesar” and we touched on another Shakespeare play for comparison. The other text was Rudyard Kipling’s Kim-probably more interesting than “My Early Life” by Churchill, which was studied by the top set. Ernie T was a great teacher of literature but not generous with essay marks. In the third year, I foolishly wrote a 30 page screed the first two pages of which was covered in red corrections and I was given 2/10! His pupils still exchange stories of his enthusiasm. “If you make such a grammatical error, boy, it displays your cretinous understanding of the language! If Shakespeare does it, it is a stroke of genius!”
Dr Mee’s quest begins with raw data used by Thales of Miletus to make an accurate prediction of a solar eclipse as early as 585 B.C. recorded in an the account of a battle by Herodotus. Thales analysed the highly accurate data provided by the skilled observations of the Babylonians. Early theories of the heavens are explored in detail with puzzles provided to encourage the reader, for example, to grasp the importance of Galileo’s experiments, Kepler’s revolutionary theories and the towering work of Newton. Midway through this engaging account Dante and the State of Denmark have all been touched upon. This book is a determined attempt to counter the ignorance of the public about basic science, famously propounded by C.P.Snow, and to introduce them to the latest theories about black holes, string theory and to covey the beautiful links between gravity and the theory of small particles, like leptons, with the grand structure of galaxies.
It is Nicholas Mee’s ability to combine incidental personal detail with grand underlying theories of gravitation that makes his study entertaining. Had you heard about Samuel Foster? He was Gresham Professor of Astronomy and fellow of Emmanuel College in 1632 and the author of treatises on quadrants and sundials. More importantly, he encouraged the observational skills of Jerimiah Horrocks who first attended the College, coming from a Toxteth family of watchmakers. Mee shows us how one generation can inspire another.
The young Horrocks, generally little recognised, goes on to use Kepler’s tables whose accuracy he recognises to emphasise the importance of the Sun’s gravity. He explains the effects of the gravitational pull between Jupiter and Saturn. His theoretical ability enables him to explain the “irregularities” in the Moon’s orbit known as precession. Along with Crabtree he made observations of Venus in transit across the Sun. Mee consistently shows the importance of seemingly small disparities in data. Importantly, he indicates just how scientific knowledge is the product of a particular community and reiterates the importance of high quality scientific education.
The First World War was a very tough time for intellectuals posted into combat. Harold MacMillan consoled himself bravely with Greek Prose. Wittgenstein fighting the allies in the Austro-Hungarian Army and also under extreme conditions made philosophical notes and Schrodinger, an officer in the same Army, the future discoverer of quantum wave mechanics was using his physics to predict the path of projectiles for the Austrian fortress artillery. Schwarzschild who was forty years old and a professor at the prestigious at the ancient University of Gottingen was scrambling through trenches on their Eastern Front, also as an artillery officer, not only under attack by the Russians but also beset with a crippling auto-immune skin disease. However, such were his formidable mathematical skills, that he was able to use Einstein’s recently published formulation of General Relativity (1915), and whilst under extreme stress to use symmetry in a novel way. Using this elegant technique he produced a solution to describe the curvature of space-time in a spherical structure such as a star. Such an approach astounded Einstein and continues to inform theoretical astronomy today. “Gravity”, which is subtitled, “Cracking the Cosmic Code” abounds with anecdotes, such as these, to enliven the basic Physics. He mentions the human tragedy too; a few months later in 1916 Schwarzschild died without his ground-breaking work gaining significant recognition.
It is interesting that in an historical account intended for the common reader, there comes a point where theories and more particularly equations have to be stated rather than proved in full detail. There is something of a quantum leap from A-level to post-doctorate topics. In general, Mee handles this very well by maintaining interest with engaging stories and simple examples. There are essentially two chapters on Einstein’s theories and sadly, rather too small diagrams which do not facilitate the leap in comprehension. In short, you may be able to find two complete books which will cover this particular ground in detail. In other respects Mee does a sound job. He provides internet and other references in valuable end-notes. The book is lavishly illustrated with 14 coloured plates, but more thought might have been given here over the balance of choice. Personally, I could do without the mystical geometrics (the products of his software company?) which sit somewhat uncomfortably with a mural of Dante and medieval instruments. I was not thoroughly aware of Minkowski’s geometrical contribution to Einstein’s theories and this alone makes up for other minor weaknesses.
In the final chapters examining theories of space-time surfaces and the earliest expansion of the Universe, Mee touches on the essential grandeur of recent discoveries. Deep connections underlie the combination of colliding black holes with fundamental concepts like entropy and time’s arrow. The fascinating variety of supernovae is adumbrated. This book is certainly a challenging read but will repay the reader’s efforts to grasp the majesty of the mathematics of gravity; the force that holds our worlds together.
Visit Mees’s Website at www.nicholasmee.com.












